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How Do Magnet Planar Headphones Work? If you've not yet tried a pair headphones with magnetic drivers that planar it might be difficult to get your head around how they work. Planar magnetic drivers employ two flat magnets that are sandwiched between thin diaphragms with conductors. This is different from the voicecoil actuator, which drives a stiff cone back and back and forth. The Diaphragm In contrast to a traditional dynamic headphone driver, which has dome or cone-shaped diaphragm, a magnetic planar has a flat piece of flexible film. The film is etched with conductors that react to magnets placed either side of the membrane. When the electrical signal passing through these wires changes the magnetic field created by the magnets causes the diaphragm react and move. This causes soundwaves that you then hear. The diaphragm of the human body is a dome-shaped muscle membranous structure that divides the thoracic (chest) and abdominal cavities. It is the main respiratory muscle and is responsible for inhalation actions, such as breathing coughing and sneezing and crying, laughing vomiting, and parturition. The diaphragm is also vital for expulsive actions, such as the act of urinating and bowel movements and pushing out the fetus during birth. A planar magnetic diaphragm can be more sensitive to changes in audio signals than dynamic drivers due to its light weight and thinness. Planar magnetic headphones have a more delicate and precise sound than dynamic drivers. One of the drawbacks of planar-magnet headphones is that, at higher volume, they can leak more than their dynamic counterparts. This is due to the movement of the magnetic diaphragm in the planar headphones which causes some audio to be pushed towards the listener. It is not a big deal if you use headphones in quiet areas, or to watch movies. But it can be annoying when you are listening to music or in public usage. There are several alternatives that can help limit the amount of leakage. They include the Audeze LCD-4 and HiFiMAN Sundara. Wisdom Audio, for example, is at the forefront in developing PMD technology. They have put in a lot of effort to solve the issues associated with this kind of headphone. This is the reason they have patented numerous innovations that you can see in their products. For instance, their brand new flex circuit-based planar winding overcomes the limitations of stamped copper windings and gives an improved utilization rate. The Conductors Conductors are what connect the diaphragm and the magnets and they are the ones responsible for creating the sound you hear. They are usually made of a mixture of aluminum and copper. The diaphragm is then wrapped around the central magnetic core. It is then supported by the headphone's frame. The magnetic core is a circular shape magnetic element that can be constructed from any material, however it is typically made by using Neodymium. The core is the main element of any planar sound driver. It is comprised of nested layers with an elongated helix that is 10-20mm in diameter. A key advantage of planar magnetic drivers is that they create a much wider soundstage than their dynamic counterparts. This is due to the fact that the entire diaphragm is vibrating when an audio signal is received instead of a tiny area that is connected to the voice coil. This greater surface area results in lower distortion levels especially when the volume is greater. The ability of a magnet plane to react quickly to changes in audio signals is an additional feature. This allows for a greater spectrum of frequencies to be reproduced and more realistic sound. Audiophiles who appreciate music that includes various instruments and vocals will appreciate this feature. The stacking design of planar magnets reduces part-topart variability which makes them suitable for critical applications that require high reliability. Compared to traditional wirewound magnetics, these offer better consistency and lower magnetic field distortion, which is crucial for the success of any electronic device. The Magnets A magnet is a material that exhibits magnetic properties. It can create an attraction or repelling force on certain materials, like nickel and iron. It can also attract and repel certain electrical conductors. This phenomenon is known as magnetism. It can be produced in temporary, permanent or electromagnets. Magnets are used in a myriad of applications and are used in many different types of devices, including electronic devices such as headphones, mobile phones, laptop computers and car audio systems. Contrary to traditional balanced armature or dynamic drivers, which push a rigid diaphragm that is connected to a voice coil, planar magnetic driver technology uses a thin, light and flexible diaphragm that can vibrate to create an unidirectional sound wavefront instead of the narrow spherical wavefront that is common in headphones and speakers. This results in a larger and more expansive soundstage, and is also known for its rich bass. The biggest disadvantage of planar magnetic drivers is that they require quite a bit of power to move the large magnets inside them, which makes them bulkier and heavier than other kinds of headphone drivers. Many planar magnetic drivers need a power amplifier to work correctly. This amplifier must be designed to match the output power of the planar magnetic driver in order to provide the optimal listening experience. Additionally, the amplifier must have a high enough input impedance to drive the planar magnetic driver at its highest output frequency. The planar magnetic driver is generally designed to be a dipole (radiating equally and in a different phase in front of and behind the speaker, similar to ESLs) or a monopole (radiating only in the direction of forward and more like traditional headphones). The most commonly used design is a bi-pole that has one north and one south pole. Its shape lets it be easily made into one piece of metal and creates a solid field in the center of the faceplate. Due to their size and efficiency, planar magnetic drivers have a lower distortion factor than other types of headphone drives. They are commonly used in premium headphone systems where sonic accuracy matters. They can also be found in audio equipment for professionals such as loudspeakers and microphones. They are also ideal for medical imaging and other applications that require high-precision. The Seal To perform well, planar drivers must be sealed extremely tightly and precisely. A tiny leak can have a significant impact on the quality of sound and could cause distortion. It requires a lot of effort to design the ideal seal for the planar driver. Unlike many conventional headphone designs the planar magnetic headphones should not have any gaps in the acoustic enclosure. This is because gaps will cause the diaphragm's resonance to be influenced by multiple frequencies at the same time. Crosstalk is a problem that can affect the quality of sound. The most common type of seal used for planar magnetic headphones is the rubber rings seal. This seal is very effective in stopping air leaks. It is also extremely durable and can last for a long time. It is crucial to remember that this type of seal may occasionally produce a hollow sound. It is therefore crucial to choose a high-quality rubber seal if you're contemplating using an earphone with a planar magnetic design. The liquid crystal display (LCD) seal is a different option for a magnetic planar driver. It is a more sophisticated type of seal designed to stop the formation of gaps. It also can withstand a lot of pressure. This makes it a good choice for audiophiles who are seeking the best sound quality. LCD headphones can provide clear and crisp sound. This is especially applicable to high-end models like the Audeze LCD-4 and HiFiMAN Susvara. It is possible to find LCD headphones that have the same audio quality at a lower cost. It is important to remember that planar magnetic headphones can produce a higher sound pressure than dynamic headphones. The way they are built is the main reason. In contrast to dynamic headphones, planar magnetic headphones have two opposing magnets that pull on the diaphragm. This can result in a strong force that can generate very high frequencies. Planar magnetic drivers are a relatively new technology in the world of headphone production. They have already begun to revolutionize how listeners enjoy music. In addition to their superior audio these headphones are extremely comfortable to wear and easy to adjust.